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🇪🇸 The flowers of Spain

99 pages from Spain: its flowers, the things made with them and the places to see them, across 30 cities and regions.

Spain is home to more species of flowering plants than any other European country, with a remarkable variety shaped by its mountains, coasts, islands, and climate zones. About a quarter of these plants are found nowhere else. Remnants of oak and pine forests, Mediterranean shrublands, and unique island flora set Spain's plant life apart.

The plant life of Spain

Spain's plant life is shaped by its varied geography and climates, from the high plateaus and mountain ranges of the mainland to the distinct environments of the Canary and Balearic Islands. The country supports between 8,000 and 9,000 species of vascular plants, more than anywhere else in Europe. Mediterranean forests once covered much of the interior, dominated by holm and cork oaks, but now dense shrublands called maquis are common. Pine forests thrive on sandy and limestone soils, while river valleys and the northwest coast hold remnants of deciduous woodlands. The southeast features subtropical steppe vegetation.

From region to region in Spain

Flora changes sharply across Spain. The north, with its oceanic climate, supports lush deciduous forests. The Mediterranean interior and coast are home to oak and pine woodlands and dense shrublands. Higher elevations see Pyrenean oak, Scots pine, and juniper. The southeast is drier, with steppe-like plants. The Canary and Balearic Islands each have their own sets of unique species, some not found on the mainland.

Flowers to know in Spain

Spain has a high number of endemic flowering plants—822 on the mainland and 103 in the Balearics. Some species, like borage and wild arum, grow almost everywhere in the country, including the islands. Others, such as the southern maidenhair fern and Cynoglossum creticum, are widespread but absent from some eastern Canary Islands. The natural forests that once dominated are now mostly replaced by shrublands and scattered trees.

Threats and protection in Spain

A significant portion of Spain's endemic plants are threatened, more so than in any other European country. About 27% of the land is protected through parks and reserves, as part of the Natura 2000 network. Conservation efforts focus on safeguarding rare species and habitats, especially in the islands and mountainous regions.

Where this page comes from

The facts in this overview come from the Wikipedia article "Wildlife of Spain", written by its contributors and used under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence. Phool rewrote the text in its own words, with AI assistance, and compares every page with the article to make sure no passage is copied. It may be reused under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 licence with a link back.

Flower experiences in Spain

All 4
🇪🇸 Barcelona · All yearThe flower kiosks of La RamblaA stretch of Barcelona's central promenade lined with flower kiosks since the nineteenth century, busiest on 23 April. 🇪🇸 Granada · Apr to OctThe Generalife gardens above the AlhambraThe summer estate of Granada's Nasrid rulers, where water channels run between roses, myrtle, jasmine and orange trees. 🇪🇸 Plasencia · Mar to AprCherry blossom in the Jerte valleyA mountain valley in Extremadura where terraces of cherry orchards flower white together for about ten days in early spring. 🇪🇸 Córdoba · MayThe patios of Córdoba in MayFor two weeks each May, families in Córdoba's old quarters open their flower-filled courtyards to anyone who walks in.

Cities and regions of Spain

Andalusia 3Barcelona 3Granada 3Córdoba 2Gran Canaria 2Seville 2Tenerife 2Valencia 2Baleares 1Balearic Islands 1Canary Islands 1Catalonia 1central Spain 1Costa del Azahar 1El Hierro 1La Gomera 1Las Palmas 1Madrid 1Málaga 1Mallorca 1Montblanc 1Montjuïc 1northern Spain 1Pedralbes 1Pyrenees 1San Ildefonso 1Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1Sierra de Gredos 1Sierra Nevada 1Tafira Alta 1
ShowFlowersDecorationsPlaces
ColourRedPinkOrangeYellowWhiteCreamBluePurpleGreenMaroonMany-coloured
KindWildflowerGarden flowerCut flowerFlowering treeFlowering shrubBulb flowerClimberOrchidWater flowerCactus or succulentAlpine flowerTropical flowerHerb or useful flower
In flowerSpringSummerMonsoonAutumnWinter
Satsuma mandarinCitrus unshiu A sweet, easy-peeling citrus fruit grown in Japan, China, and beyond 🇯🇵 Japan and 5 more · Flowering tree SaffronCrocus sativus The crimson threads of an autumn crocus, dried for colour, flavour and scent 🇮🇷 Iran and 6 more · Bulb flower European Crab AppleMalus sylvestris A small wild apple tree with pink-tinged spring blossoms and tart autumn fruit 🇫🇷 France and 2 more · Flowering tree Celosia Flame-like flowers grown for food and garden colour 🇳🇬 Nigeria and 5 more · Garden flower Italian lords-and-ladiesArum italicum A shade-loving perennial with white spring flowers and red berries 🇮🇹 Italy and 6 more · Herb or useful flower MonkshoodAconitum napellus A tall European herb with deep purple helmet-shaped flowers and extreme toxicity 🇮🇹 Italy and 2 more · Wildflower RockroseCistus Evergreen shrubs with papery flowers from the Mediterranean 🇪🇸 Spain and 3 more · Wildflower Orange blossomCitrus sinensis The fragrant white flower of the sweet orange tree, used in perfume and food 🇪🇸 Spain and 1 more · Garden flower French lavenderLavandula stoechas A Mediterranean lavender with purple bracts atop its flower spikes 🇪🇸 Spain and 2 more · Wildflower Shrubby CinquefoilDasiphora fruticosa A hardy yellow-flowered shrub found in cool northern regions 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Flowering shrub Lilium pyrenaicum A mountain lily with yellow to red Turk's-cap flowers and a musky scent 🇪🇸 Spain · Wildflower Poet's daffodilNarcissus poeticus A fragrant white daffodil linked to ancient Greek myth and poetry 🇪🇸 Spain and 6 more · Wildflower Iris latifolia A bulb iris from the Pyrenees with large purple blooms in early summer 🇫🇷 France and 1 more · Wildflower OliveOlea europaea Evergreen tree grown for its fruit and oil across the Mediterranean and beyond 🇪🇸 Spain and 7 more · Flowering tree Common rhododendronRhododendron ponticum A dense evergreen shrub with violet-purple flowers from Europe and the Caucasus 🇵🇹 Portugal and 6 more · Flowering shrub Cotton thistleOnopordum acanthium Tall, spiny thistle with pink to lavender globe-shaped flowers 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Wildflower Scarlet runner beanPhaseolus coccineus A climbing bean with bright red flowers and edible pods and seeds 🇲🇽 Mexico and 7 more · Wildflower Leucojum White-flowered bulbs of damp meadows and shady gardens 🇪🇸 Spain and 6 more · Wildflower Alpine toadflaxLinaria alpina A small violet-flowered plant of rocky European mountain slopes 🇦🇹 Austria and 7 more · Wildflower Orange lilyLilium bulbiferum A bright orange European lily with spotted flowers and stem bulbils 🇪🇸 Spain and 3 more · Wildflower Hyacinthoides A Mediterranean genus of bluebell flowers with two bracts per bloom 🇪🇸 Spain and 6 more · Wildflower Iris florentina A white, violet-scented iris grown for orris root and as a grave flower 🇮🇹 Italy and 7 more · Wildflower Common peonyPaeonia officinalis A deep pink or red peony from the mountains of southern Europe 🇮🇹 Italy and 7 more · Wildflower Sweet-amberHypericum androsaemum A small shrub with yellow flowers and berries that ripen from red to black 🇵🇹 Portugal and 7 more · Flowering shrub Yellow horned poppyGlaucium flavum A coastal poppy with bright yellow flowers and long horn-shaped seed pods 🇬🇧 United Kingdom and 6 more · Wildflower Sea-hollyEryngium maritimum A spiny, blue-grey perennial of European and Mediterranean coasts 🇮🇪 Ireland and 6 more · Wildflower Sea CampionSilene uniflora A mat-forming white-flowered plant of Atlantic and Baltic coasts 🇬🇧 United Kingdom and 7 more · Wildflower
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Photo credits on this page

The small pictures above come from Wikimedia Commons under free licences. Some are cropped to fit.

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