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Phool

🇨🇦 The flowers of Canada

50 pages from Canada: its flowers, the things made with them and the places to see them, across 15 cities and regions.

Canada’s flowers and flowering plants reflect its huge range of climates, from Arctic tundra to temperate forests and rain-soaked coasts. Over 3,300 native vascular plant species grow here, joined by hundreds of established non-natives. The country is known for its wildflowers, forest blooms, and unique regional flora shaped by its varied landscapes.

  • About 3,322 native vascular plant species grow in Canada.
  • Over 830 non-native plant species are established outside gardens.
  • Canada’s flora ranges from Arctic tundra to temperate rainforests.
  • Nova Scotia has unique gypsum-adapted plants.
  • Conservation lists track species at risk across the country.

The plant life of Canada

Canada’s plant life is shaped by its vast size and many different environments. Southern regions have warm, leafy forests, while the far north is covered in cold, treeless plains. The west coast supports lush rainforests, and there are also dry areas like deserts and badlands. This range of habitats allows a great diversity of flowering plants, with about 17,000 species of all kinds recorded. Around 3,300 vascular plants—those with specialized tissues for transporting water—are native to Canada, and more than 800 non-native species have become established as well.

From region to region in Canada

Flora changes dramatically across Canada’s regions. In the south, broadleaf forests support many woodland flowers. The Arctic north is home to hardy plants that survive freezing temperatures and short summers. The west coast’s temperate rainforests foster moisture-loving species, while dry central and western areas have tough, drought-resistant plants. Each region’s flowers reflect its climate and soil.

Flowers to know in Canada

Canada’s wildflowers and flowering trees are shaped by its varied landscapes. While the article does not list specific species, it notes the country’s rich diversity and the presence of both native and non-native flowering plants. Some regions, such as Nova Scotia, are known for unique local flora, like the gypsum flora, which grows on special mineral soils.

Threats and protection in Canada

Canada’s plant life faces threats from invasive species and habitat loss. Some native flowers and plants are at risk, and the country tracks these through official lists of species at risk. Conservation efforts include reserves and monitoring programs to protect rare and endangered flora.

Where this page comes from

The facts in this overview come from the Wikipedia article "Flora of Canada", written by its contributors and used under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence. Phool rewrote the text in its own words, with AI assistance, and compares every page with the article to make sure no passage is copied. It may be reused under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 licence with a link back.

Flower experiences in Canada

All 3
🇨🇦 Victoria · Mar to OctThe Butchart Gardens near VictoriaA worked-out limestone quarry on Vancouver Island that one family turned into a sunken garden of bedding and bulbs. 🇨🇦 Montreal · May to OctThe Montreal Botanical GardenOne of the world's large botanic gardens, with Chinese and Japanese gardens, a lilac collection and long rose beds. 🇨🇦 Ottawa · MayThe Canadian Tulip Festival in OttawaHundreds of thousands of tulips flower beside Dow's Lake each May, a tradition that began with a gift from the Dutch.

Cities and regions of Canada

Newfoundland and Labrador 3Nunavut 2Ottawa 2Vancouver 2Franktown 1Hamilton 1Manitoulin Island 1Northwest Territories 1Ontario 1Saskatchewan 1Toronto 1Vancouver Island 1Victoria 1Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park 1Yukon 1
ShowFlowersDecorationsPlaces
ColourRedPinkOrangeYellowWhiteCreamBluePurpleGreenMaroonMany-coloured
In flowerSpringSummerMonsoonAutumnWinter
Common sunflowerHelianthus annuus A tall annual plant grown for its large yellow flower heads and edible seeds 🇨🇦 Canada and 4 more · Wildflower BirchBetula Slender trees with papery bark found across the northern world 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Wildflower CactusCactaceae Succulent plants with spines, native to the Americas 🇲🇽 Mexico and 7 more · Wildflower TulipTulipa Spring-blooming bulbs with showy, cup-shaped flowers in many colours 🇳🇱 Netherlands and 7 more · Wildflower Common flaxLinum usitatissimum The slender blue-flowered plant grown for linen and linseed 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Wildflower RapeseedBrassica napus A yellow-flowered crop grown for its oil-rich seeds and protein meal 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Wildflower CornflowerCentaurea cyanus A bright blue wildflower once common in European grain fields 🇩🇪 Germany and 7 more · Wildflower Black locustRobinia pseudoacacia A tall, fragrant-flowered tree native to eastern North America 🇺🇸 United States and 7 more · Flowering tree CloudberryRubus chamaemorus A golden berry of northern bogs and tundra, picked wild for food and drink 🇳🇴 Norway and 7 more · Wildflower Yucca Dry-climate plants with pointed leaves and clusters of creamy white flowers 🇲🇽 Mexico and 4 more · Wildflower DogwoodCornus Woody trees and shrubs with showy bracts and colorful berries 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Wildflower Marsh-marigoldCaltha palustris A bright yellow wildflower of marshes and wet woodlands in cool climates 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Wildflower Butterfly weedAsclepias tuberosa A North American wildflower with bright orange umbels that attracts pollinators 🇺🇸 United States and 2 more · Wildflower Place Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden中山公園 A traditional Chinese garden in Vancouver’s Chinatown Vancouver, 🇨🇦 Canada · Flower garden TwinflowerLinnaea borealis A small woodland plant with paired pale pink flowers, named for Carl Linnaeus 🇺🇸 United States and 2 more · Wildflower Purple mountain saxifrageSaxifraga oppositifolia A mat-forming purple flower of Arctic and high mountain regions 🇨🇦 Canada and 4 more · Wildflower Obedient plantPhysostegia virginiana A pink or white late-summer flower whose stems hold blossoms in place when moved 🇨🇦 Canada and 2 more · Wildflower Nemophila Spring annuals with blue, purple, or white bell-shaped flowers from North America 🇺🇸 United States and 2 more · Wildflower GoldenrodSolidago Tall yellow-flowered perennials of meadows and prairies, vital for pollinators 🇨🇦 Canada and 1 more · Wildflower Garden phloxPhlox paniculata A tall, fragrant perennial with pink or purple flower clusters for summer gardens 🇺🇸 United States and 2 more · Garden flower Perennial cornflowerCentaurea montana A blue-purple perennial flower of European mountain meadows 🇨🇦 Canada · Wildflower Decoration Remembrance poppy An artificial red poppy worn to honour those lost in war 🇬🇧 United Kingdom and 7 more · Worn flowers, Apr to Nov Purple pitcher plantSarracenia purpurea A hardy carnivorous plant with tubular purple-green leaves that trap insects 🇺🇸 United States and 7 more · Wildflower Decoration White poppy A peace symbol worn for Remembrance Day and Anzac Day 🇬🇧 United Kingdom and 3 more · Worn flowers, Apr to Nov Saxifraga Small alpine and meadow plants known for their star-shaped flowers 🇨🇦 Canada and 4 more · Wildflower JonquilNarcissus jonquilla A spring-flowering daffodil with narrow leaves and sweet-scented blooms 🇪🇸 Spain and 6 more · Wildflower Blazing starLiatris Tall North American wildflowers with feathery purple or pink flower spikes 🇺🇸 United States and 3 more · Wildflower Heliopsis Bright yellow sunflower-like flowers of the Americas 🇺🇸 United States and 7 more · Wildflower Penstemon A North American genus with tubular, often bearded flowers in many colors 🇨🇦 Canada and 4 more · Wildflower Decoration Jāņi Latvia’s midsummer festival with wreaths, bonfires, and solstice songs 🇱🇻 Latvia and 3 more · Custom, June Place Dominion ArboretumArboretum du Dominion A public arboretum with diverse trees and gardens in Ottawa, Canada Ottawa, 🇨🇦 Canada · Botanical garden Symphyotrichum A large group of North American asters with daisy-like flowers in many colours 🇺🇸 United States and 3 more · Wildflower Entireleaf mountain-avensDryas integrifolia A mat-forming Arctic shrub with white to yellow flowers 🇨🇦 Canada and 1 more · Wildflower BlanketflowerGaillardia A daisy-like wildflower with bold, blanket-patterned blooms 🇲🇽 Mexico and 2 more · Wildflower Cosmos Tall daisy-like flowers grown in gardens and meadows 🇺🇸 United States and 5 more · Wildflower Place Allan Gardens A historic Toronto park with a large public conservatory and six greenhouses Toronto, 🇨🇦 Canada · Botanical garden SnapdragonAntirrhinum Garden flowers with dragon-shaped blooms that open when squeezed 🇩🇪 Germany and 4 more · Garden flower Shrubby CinquefoilDasiphora fruticosa A hardy yellow-flowered shrub found in cool northern regions 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Flowering shrub Poppy Bright-petalled flowers grown for gardens, seeds, and remembrance 🇬🇧 United Kingdom and 7 more · Wildflower Wood lilyLilium philadelphicum A red or orange wild lily native to North America’s prairies and forests 🇨🇦 Canada and 2 more · Wildflower Decoration Heraldic rose A stylized five-petaled rose used as a symbol in coats of arms and badges 🇬🇧 United Kingdom and 3 more · Art or design Place Abkhazi Garden A one-acre garden in Victoria, British Columbia, created by Prince and Princess Abkhazi Victoria, 🇨🇦 Canada · Botanical garden Decoration Hanami花見 The Japanese tradition of gathering to enjoy cherry blossoms in spring 🇯🇵 Japan and 7 more · Custom, Jan to May Decoration Floristry The craft and trade of arranging and selling flowers 🇳🇱 Netherlands and 3 more · Arrangement Pygmy waterlilyNymphaea tetragona A small white waterlily found in calm waters across the northern hemisphere 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Wildflower Decoration American Institute of Floral Designers A professional association for floral designers in the US and Canada 🇺🇸 United States and 1 more · Arrangement Trumpet creeperCampsis radicans A woody climbing vine with orange trumpet-shaped flowers from eastern North America 🇺🇸 United States and 2 more · Wildflower Hepatica A woodland perennial with three-lobed leaves and early spring flowers 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Wildflower
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Photo credits on this page

The small pictures above come from Wikimedia Commons under free licences. Some are cropped to fit.

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