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Phool

🇨🇦 The flowers of Canada

96 pages from Canada: its flowers, the things made with them and the places to see them, across 31 cities and regions.

Canada’s flowers and flowering plants reflect its huge range of climates, from Arctic tundra to temperate forests and rain-soaked coasts. Over 3,300 native vascular plant species grow here, joined by hundreds of established non-natives. The country is known for its wildflowers, forest blooms, and unique regional flora shaped by its varied landscapes.

  • About 3,322 native vascular plant species grow in Canada.
  • Over 830 non-native plant species are established outside gardens.
  • Canada’s flora ranges from Arctic tundra to temperate rainforests.
  • Nova Scotia has unique gypsum-adapted plants.
  • Conservation lists track species at risk across the country.

The plant life of Canada

Canada’s plant life is shaped by its vast size and many different environments. Southern regions have warm, leafy forests, while the far north is covered in cold, treeless plains. The west coast supports lush rainforests, and there are also dry areas like deserts and badlands. This range of habitats allows a great diversity of flowering plants, with about 17,000 species of all kinds recorded. Around 3,300 vascular plants—those with specialized tissues for transporting water—are native to Canada, and more than 800 non-native species have become established as well.

From region to region in Canada

Flora changes dramatically across Canada’s regions. In the south, broadleaf forests support many woodland flowers. The Arctic north is home to hardy plants that survive freezing temperatures and short summers. The west coast’s temperate rainforests foster moisture-loving species, while dry central and western areas have tough, drought-resistant plants. Each region’s flowers reflect its climate and soil.

Flowers to know in Canada

Canada’s wildflowers and flowering trees are shaped by its varied landscapes. While the article does not list specific species, it notes the country’s rich diversity and the presence of both native and non-native flowering plants. Some regions, such as Nova Scotia, are known for unique local flora, like the gypsum flora, which grows on special mineral soils.

Threats and protection in Canada

Canada’s plant life faces threats from invasive species and habitat loss. Some native flowers and plants are at risk, and the country tracks these through official lists of species at risk. Conservation efforts include reserves and monitoring programs to protect rare and endangered flora.

Where this page comes from

The facts in this overview come from the Wikipedia article "Flora of Canada", written by its contributors and used under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence. Phool rewrote the text in its own words, with AI assistance, and compares every page with the article to make sure no passage is copied. It may be reused under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 licence with a link back.

Flower experiences in Canada

All 3
🇨🇦 Victoria · Mar to OctThe Butchart Gardens near VictoriaA worked-out limestone quarry on Vancouver Island that one family turned into a sunken garden of bedding and bulbs. 🇨🇦 Montreal · May to OctThe Montreal Botanical GardenOne of the world's large botanic gardens, with Chinese and Japanese gardens, a lilac collection and long rose beds. 🇨🇦 Ottawa · MayThe Canadian Tulip Festival in OttawaHundreds of thousands of tulips flower beside Dow's Lake each May, a tradition that began with a gift from the Dutch.

Cities and regions of Canada

British Columbia 5Ottawa 4Vancouver 4Newfoundland and Labrador 3Ontario 3Edmonton 2Manitoba 2Montreal 2Nova Scotia 2Nunavut 2Quebec 2Toronto 2Victoria 2Beechwood National Military Cemetery 1Boissevain 1Brentwood Bay 1Commissioners Park 1Franktown 1Gatineau 1Hamilton 1Manitoulin Island 1Northwest Territories 1Notre Dame Island 1Parkland County 1Prince Edward Island 1Pulsatilla Pass 1Saskatchewan 1Shaughnessy 1Vancouver Island 1Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park 1Yukon 1
ShowFlowersDecorationsPlaces
ColourRedPinkOrangeYellowWhiteCreamBluePurpleGreenMaroonMany-coloured
KindWildflowerGarden flowerCut flowerFlowering treeFlowering shrubBulb flowerClimberOrchidWater flowerCactus or succulentAlpine flowerTropical flowerHerb or useful flower
In flowerSpringSummerMonsoonAutumnWinter
Common sunflowerHelianthus annuus A tall annual plant grown for its large yellow flower heads and edible seeds 🇨🇦 Canada and 4 more · Wildflower BirchBetula Slender trees with papery bark found across the northern world 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Wildflower CactusCactaceae Succulent plants with spines, native to the Americas 🇲🇽 Mexico and 7 more · Wildflower TulipTulipa Spring-blooming bulbs with showy, cup-shaped flowers in many colours 🇳🇱 Netherlands and 7 more · Wildflower Common flaxLinum usitatissimum The slender blue-flowered plant grown for linen and linseed 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Wildflower RapeseedBrassica napus A yellow-flowered crop grown for its oil-rich seeds and protein meal 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Wildflower CornflowerCentaurea cyanus A bright blue wildflower once common in European grain fields 🇩🇪 Germany and 7 more · Wildflower Black locustRobinia pseudoacacia A tall, fragrant-flowered tree native to eastern North America 🇺🇸 United States and 7 more · Flowering tree CloudberryRubus chamaemorus A golden berry of northern bogs and tundra, picked wild for food and drink 🇳🇴 Norway and 7 more · Wildflower Yucca Dry-climate plants with pointed leaves and clusters of creamy white flowers 🇲🇽 Mexico and 4 more · Wildflower DogwoodCornus Woody trees and shrubs with showy bracts and colorful berries 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Wildflower Marsh-marigoldCaltha palustris A bright yellow wildflower of marshes and wet woodlands in cool climates 🇨🇳 China and 7 more · Wildflower Nemophila Spring annuals with blue, purple, or white bell-shaped flowers from North America 🇺🇸 United States and 2 more · Wildflower GoldenrodSolidago Tall yellow-flowered perennials of meadows and prairies, vital for pollinators 🇨🇦 Canada and 1 more · Wildflower Garden phloxPhlox paniculata A tall, fragrant perennial with pink or purple flower clusters for summer gardens 🇺🇸 United States and 2 more · Garden flower Perennial cornflowerCentaurea montana A blue-purple perennial flower of European mountain meadows 🇨🇦 Canada · Wildflower Purple pitcher plantSarracenia purpurea A hardy carnivorous plant with tubular purple-green leaves that trap insects 🇺🇸 United States and 7 more · Wildflower Saxifraga Small alpine and meadow plants known for their star-shaped flowers 🇨🇦 Canada and 4 more · Wildflower JonquilNarcissus jonquilla A spring-flowering daffodil with narrow leaves and sweet-scented blooms 🇪🇸 Spain and 6 more · Wildflower Blazing starLiatris Tall North American wildflowers with feathery purple or pink flower spikes 🇺🇸 United States and 3 more · Wildflower Heliopsis Bright yellow sunflower-like flowers of the Americas 🇺🇸 United States and 7 more · Wildflower Penstemon A North American genus with tubular, often bearded flowers in many colors 🇨🇦 Canada and 4 more · Wildflower Ceanothus Shrubs with blue, white or pink flowers native to North America 🇺🇸 United States and 5 more · Wildflower Red trilliumTrillium erectum A woodland wildflower with three broad leaves and a single spring bloom 🇺🇸 United States and 1 more · Wildflower BunchberryCornus canadensis A low-growing woodland plant with white bracts and red summer fruit 🇨🇦 Canada and 6 more · Wildflower Canada goldenrodSolidago canadensis A tall yellow-flowered perennial that spreads quickly by rhizomes 🇨🇦 Canada and 3 more · Wildflower Scarlet giliaIpomopsis aggregata A red, trumpet-flowered wildflower of western North American mountains 🇺🇸 United States and 2 more · Wildflower Sundial lupineLupinus perennis A blue to violet wildflower of sandy open habitats in eastern North America 🇨🇦 Canada · Wildflower Silvery lupineLupinus argenteus A blue-purple wildflower of western North American grasslands and forests 🇨🇦 Canada and 2 more · Wildflower Symphyotrichum A large group of North American asters with daisy-like flowers in many colours 🇺🇸 United States and 3 more · Wildflower Entireleaf mountain-avensDryas integrifolia A mat-forming Arctic shrub with white to yellow flowers 🇨🇦 Canada and 1 more · Wildflower BlanketflowerGaillardia A daisy-like wildflower with bold, blanket-patterned blooms 🇲🇽 Mexico and 2 more · Wildflower Cosmos Tall daisy-like flowers grown in gardens and meadows 🇺🇸 United States and 5 more · Wildflower SnapdragonAntirrhinum Garden flowers with dragon-shaped blooms that open when squeezed 🇩🇪 Germany and 4 more · Garden flower Poppy Bright-petalled flowers grown for gardens, seeds, and remembrance 🇬🇧 United Kingdom and 7 more · Wildflower Echinacea North American wildflower with a spiny cone and drooping petals 🇺🇸 United States and 2 more · Wildflower Trillium Woodland wildflowers with three-petalled blooms and whorled bracts 🇺🇸 United States and 4 more · Wildflower White trilliumTrillium grandiflorum A woodland perennial with three-petalled white flowers in spring 🇨🇦 Canada and 1 more · Wildflower PipewortEriocaulon Small wetland flowers found across tropical and temperate regions 🇦🇺 Australia and 4 more · Wildflower Wisteria Woody climbing vines with long, fragrant flower clusters 🇨🇳 China and 5 more · Garden flower Beachhead irisIris setosa A hardy iris with blue to violet flowers found across northern Asia and North America 🇯🇵 Japan and 4 more · Wildflower White rose of YorkRosa × alba A cold-hardy old garden rose with white or pink many-petalled blooms 🇸🇪 Sweden and 4 more · Flowering shrub Sweet mock orangePhiladelphus coronarius A fragrant white-flowered shrub from the Caucasus and Turkey, grown in gardens 🇹🇷 Turkey and 7 more · Flowering shrub Pulsatilla Spring-blooming wildflower with bell-shaped blooms and feathery seed heads 🇨🇦 Canada and 2 more · Wildflower Dame's-violetHesperis matronalis A tall, fragrant flower with purple, pink, or white blooms in spring 🇪🇸 Spain and 4 more · Wildflower Soapweed yuccaYucca glauca A hardy, spiky-leaved yucca of the central North American plains 🇨🇦 Canada and 2 more · Wildflower Tufted evening-primroseOenothera cespitosa A night-blooming white flower of dry western North America 🇨🇦 Canada and 2 more · Wildflower New England asterSymphyotrichum novae-angliae A late-blooming purple wildflower of North American meadows and gardens 🇺🇸 United States and 2 more · Wildflower
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Photo credits on this page

The small pictures above come from Wikimedia Commons under free licences. Some are cropped to fit.

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